Once geometry has been created using the most appropriate method (AutoCAD 2D, Standard Primitives, Shapes etc) then the modeller will start the modification process. In the namespace Functions are 2 more namespaces which are 'Math' and 'IO'.Math includes functions for calculations for or with Pi, Power, Squarer root and more.Modification of objects is at the heart of 3D modelling. To use it you simply just make a reference to your project and type in the usings 'using Functions ' and your good to go. Dll which means, it can be referenced easily.
Mesh Primitive Box Keyboard Commandautocad 2014 Series Of StepsA command can be a built-in command or system variable, an external command or alias defined in the acad.pgp file, or a user-defined AutoLISP command. Meshes can be used in many fields, including physical simulation in manufacturing, architecture design, medical scan analysis.When you enter a command, AutoCAD goes through a series of steps to evaluate the validity of the command name. DIMREASSOCIATE / Associates or re-associates selected dimensions to objects or points on objects.Infrastructure and landscape modelling mainly consists of surface modelling and object modelling, with edges being dealt with by simple extrusions or lofts.A mesh is a representation used to digitally represent the boundary or volume of an object for manipulation and analysis. DIMRADIUS / Creates a radius dimension for a circle or an arc. DRAWORDER / Changes the draw order of images and other objects. ROADMAP: teleport locomotion -) ROADMAP: teleport locomotion -) many thanks to bryikws , utopiah , donrmccurdy over at the A DIMOVERRIDE / Controls overrides of system variables used in selected dimensions.' Objects' in this context are those elements such as bollards, litter bins, seating, shelters, people, trees etc that occupy the landscape and usually sit on top of surfaces. These are modelled using meshes and are created and modified in a number of ways. Windows : 64-bit Processor, 2 GB of RAM, 30 MB of Hard Drive space' Surfaces' in this context means the distinct landscape surface matrix of roads, paths, pavements, planting beds and other hard and soft surface elements. 3 GB VRAM is recommended when working with high resolutions.Many objects have various types of sub-objects that you can work with independently. Key Fundamentals firstly explores what comprise objects and the hierarchy of sub-objectsA sub-object is a subset of an object's geometry. Please read the sample data instructions before downloading.To understand how modifications are performed you need to understand what objects are made of. Each element relies on effective knowledge of spline modelling, and creation and manipulation of meshes together with knowledge of which creation method to use and the range of appropriate modifiers to useMAX / VIZ contains powerful modification tools that can be categorised thus:Modifiers and The Stack Download Sample DataIn order to follow this tutorial, you may want to use the supplied files.Select Vertex from the list of sub-objects. Modify Panel > In the Stack Window click on the + sign to expand the sub-objects under Line This scene contains a simple box and two lines At the sub-object level you can select sub-objects, transform the selections, apply modifiers, and so onThe following sub sections explain the fundamental processes involved in sub-object editing:In this section the sub-objects that you will need to manipulate for landscape work are explored Spline Sub-Objects When in this mode you cannot select other objectsIn the viewport select a vertex or vertices and notice that it/they turn red. This means that you can edit the vertices on their own. You are now in vertex sub-object mode. Alternatively press the Segment button This is next down the list because it is the next less simple sub-object (ie a line joining two points). Select Segment from the list of sub-objects. This is an invaluable aid when modelling at sub-object level Click on either the yellow Vertex line in the Stack Window or on the Vertex Button to exit sub-object modeTIP: The Navigation Tools Arc Rotate button flyout includes an Arc Rotate Sub-Object button which enables you to Arc Rotate around any selected sub-objects. Modify Panel > Geometry rollout > Attach. Zoom to the two lines in the viewport and select Line01 These elements or 'parts' are 'attached' and given certain identifiers (Material IDs,for example, dealt with later) so that different materials, for example, are assigned to different parts of the object Attaching is the process of converting two objects into one and is used extensively to create objects using multiple elements that have been modelled separately. Use the Transfom Gizmo to move segments aroundTo demonstrate the spline sub-object mode you will need to add another line to Line01. In the viewport select a segment and it turns red. Select Line01.This now comprises two lines that have been attached Also, as explained later, other properties of the original object are passed to the attached object such as an editable spline rather than a line object Left click to attach Line02 to Line 01NOTE: The name of the combined object keeps the name of the original object. The cursor changes to the Attach Cursor. In the viewport place the cursor over Line02. In the viewport select one of the splines and it turns red. You are now in Spline Sub-Object Mode. This is at the bottom of the list because it is the less simple sub-object (ie spline made of multiple segments and vertices) Notice that the object is listed as 'Editable Mesh' in the Stack Window This converts the box object to a mesh that is editable (ie you can access the sub-objects). Right click menu > Convert To: > Convert to Editable Mesh. Right click over the selected box to display the right click menu: This is next down the list because it is the next less simple sub-object (ie a line joining two points). Select Edge from the list of sub-objects. Use the Transfom Gizmo to move vertices around In the viewport select a vertex or vertices and notice that it/they turn red. Again, this means that you can edit the vertices on their own and when in this mode you cannot select other objects You are now in vertex sub-object mode. Select Face from the list of sub-objects. Use the Transfom Gizmo to move edges around In the viewport select an edge and it turns red. You are now in Edge Sub-Object Mode. Also note that F orce 2-Sided needs turning off for this to take effect Use the Transfom Gizmo to move faces aroundTIP: On the Selection rollout check I gnore Backfacing if you just want to select those faces facing you in the viewport. In the viewport select a face and it turns red (Shade Selected Faces has been turned on in the Viewport Configuration dialog). You are now in Face Sub-Object Mode. Alternatively press the Face button ![]() Functions for vertices, for example, are different than those for segments. In general you need a good all-round knowledge of the tools available for and process of spline editingNOTE: The availability of functions on the rollouts on the Modify Panel change depending which sub-object level you are in. Splines are also edited as part of creating boolean and shapemerge compound objects and in modifiers such as the Bevel Profile modifier. When this confusion occurs check that you have not left an object in sub-object modeSpline editing is an essential part of landscape modelling as it is used extensively in the creation of surfaces and lofts used for edging. In the viewport select elements of the benchTIP: Often when first learing about sub-objects the user will leave an object in sub-object mode and hence will not be able to select any other objects. This scene contains a bench to illustrate Element sub-object mode Notice that the text in the Modify Stack window changes to Editable SplineThis is the quickest way to covert a shape to an editable splineNOTE: Once you have changed a shape to an editable spline you cannot access the shape's parameters againAll the following commands are available on the Modify Panel rollouts. Right click menu > Convert To: > Convert to Editable Spline. Place the cursor over the shape and right click Notice that the parameters in the Modify Panel are parametric Create a shape such as a rectangle. Quicktime player for mac os high sierraCheck Show Vertex Numbers. Keep this scene open for the next operations on vertices Change the thickness a few times and test render Check Renderable, Thickness: 01, Sides: 6 Notice that the line is not rendered This scene contains an editable spline
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